SQL Functions
The Functions of SQL transform plugin
String Functions
ASCII
ASCII(string)
Returns the ASCII value of the first character in the string. This method returns an int.
Example:
ASCII('Hi')
BIT_LENGTH
BIT_LENGTH(bytes)
Returns the number of bits in a binary string. This method returns a long.
Example:
BIT_LENGTH(NAME)
CHAR_LENGTH / LENGTH
CHAR_LENGTH | LENGTH (string)
Returns the number of characters in a character string. This method returns a long.
Example:
CHAR_LENGTH(NAME)
OCTET_LENGTH
OCTET_LENGTH(bytes)
Returns the number of bytes in a binary string. This method returns a long.
Example:
OCTET_LENGTH(NAME)
CHAR / CHR
CHAR | CHR (int)
Returns the character that represents the ASCII value. This method returns a string.
Example:
CHAR(65)
CONCAT
CONCAT(string, string[, string ...] )
Combines strings. Unlike with the operator ||, NULL parameters are ignored, and do not cause the result to become NULL. If all parameters are NULL the result is an empty string. This method returns a string.
Example:
CONCAT(NAME, '_')
CONCAT_WS
CONCAT_WS(separatorString, string, string[, string ...] )
Combines strings with separator. If separator is NULL it is treated like an empty string. Other NULL parameters are ignored. Remaining non-NULL parameters, if any, are concatenated with the specified separator. If there are no remaining parameters the result is an empty string. This method returns a string.
Example:
CONCATWS(',', NAME, '')
HEXTORAW
HEXTORAW(string)
Converts a hex representation of a string to a string. 4 hex characters per string character are used.
Example:
HEXTORAW(DATA)
RAWTOHEX
RAWTOHEX(string)
RAWTOHEX(bytes)
Converts a string or bytes to the hex representation. 4 hex characters per string character are used. This method returns a string.
Example:
RAWTOHEX(DATA)
INSERT
INSERT(originalString, startInt, lengthInt, addString)
Inserts a additional string into the original string at a specified start position. The length specifies the number of characters that are removed at the start position in the original string. This method returns a string.
Example:
INSERT(NAME, 1, 1, ' ')
LOWER / LCASE
LOWER | LCASE (string)
Converts a string to lowercase.
Example:
LOWER(NAME)
UPPER / UCASE
UPPER | UCASE (string)
Converts a string to uppercase.
Example:
UPPER(NAME)
LEFT
LEFT(string, int)
Returns the leftmost number of characters.
Example:
LEFT(NAME, 3)
RIGHT
RIGHT(string, int)
Returns the rightmost number of characters.
Example:
RIGHT(NAME, 3)
LOCATE / INSTR / POSITION
LOCATE(searchString, string[, startInit])
INSTR(string, searchString[, startInit])
POSITION(searchString, string)
Returns the location of a search string in a string. If a start position is used, the characters before it are ignored. If position is negative, the rightmost location is returned. 0 is returned if the search string is not found. Please note this function is case sensitive, even if the parameters are not.
Example:
LOCATE('.', NAME)
LPAD
LPAD(string ,int[, string])
Left pad the string to the specified length. If the length is shorter than the string, it will be truncated at the end. If the padding string is not set, spaces will be used.
Example:
LPAD(AMOUNT, 10, '*')
RPAD
RPAD(string, int[, string])
Right pad the string to the specified length. If the length is shorter than the string, it will be truncated. If the padding string is not set, spaces will be used.
Example:
RPAD(TEXT, 10, '-')
LTRIM
LTRIM(string[, characterToTrimString])
Removes all leading spaces or other specified characters from a string.
This function is deprecated, use TRIM instead of it.
Example:
LTRIM(NAME)
RTRIM
RTRIM(string[, characterToTrimString])
Removes all trailing spaces or other specified characters from a string.
This function is deprecated, use TRIM instead of it.
Example:
RTRIM(NAME)
TRIM
TRIM(string[, characterToTrimString])
Removes all leading spaces or other specified characters from a string.
This function is deprecated, use TRIM instead of it.
Example:
LTRIM(NAME)
REGEXP_REPLACE
REGEXP_REPLACE(inputString, regexString, replacementString[, flagsString])
Replaces each substring that matches a regular expression. For details, see the Java String.replaceAll() method. If any parameter is null (except optional flagsString parameter), the result is null.
Flags values are limited to 'i', 'c', 'n', 'm'. Other symbols cause exception. Multiple symbols could be used in one flagsString parameter (like 'im'). Later flags override first ones, for example 'ic' is equivalent to case sensitive matching 'c'.
'i' enables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'c' disables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'n' allows the period to match the newline character (Pattern.DOTALL)
'm' enables multiline mode (Pattern.MULTILINE)
Example:
REGEXP_REPLACE('Hello World', ' +', ' ') REGEXP_REPLACE('Hello WWWWorld', 'w+', 'W', 'i')
REGEXP_LIKE
REGEXP_LIKE(inputString, regexString[, flagsString])
Matches string to a regular expression. For details, see the Java Matcher.find() method. If any parameter is null (except optional flagsString parameter), the result is null.
Flags values are limited to 'i', 'c', 'n', 'm'. Other symbols cause exception. Multiple symbols could be used in one flagsString parameter (like 'im'). Later flags override first ones, for example 'ic' is equivalent to case sensitive matching 'c'.
'i' enables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'c' disables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'n' allows the period to match the newline character (Pattern.DOTALL)
'm' enables multiline mode (Pattern.MULTILINE)
Example:
REGEXP_LIKE('Hello World', '[A-Z ]*', 'i')
REGEXP_SUBSTR
REGEXP_SUBSTR(inputString, regexString[, positionInt, occurrenceInt, flagsString, groupInt])
Matches string to a regular expression and returns the matched substring. For details, see the java.util.regex.Pattern and related functionality.
The parameter position specifies where in inputString the match should start. Occurrence indicates which occurrence of pattern in inputString to search for.
Flags values are limited to 'i', 'c', 'n', 'm'. Other symbols cause exception. Multiple symbols could be used in one flagsString parameter (like 'im'). Later flags override first ones, for example 'ic' is equivalent to case sensitive matching 'c'.
'i' enables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'c' disables case insensitive matching (Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE)
'n' allows the period to match the newline character (Pattern.DOTALL)
'm' enables multiline mode (Pattern.MULTILINE)
If the pattern has groups, the group parameter can be used to specify which group to return.
Example:
REGEXP_SUBSTR('2020-10-01', '\d{4}') REGEXP_SUBSTR('2020-10-01', '(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})', 1, 1, NULL, 2)
REPEAT
REPEAT(string, int)
Returns a string repeated some number of times.
Example:
REPEAT(NAME || ' ', 10)
REPLACE
REPLACE(string, searchString[, replacementString])
Replaces all occurrences of a search string in a text with another string. If no replacement is specified, the search string is removed from the original string. If any parameter is null, the result is null.
Example:
REPLACE(NAME, ' ')
SOUNDEX
SOUNDEX(string)
Returns a four character code representing the sound of a string. This method returns a string, or null if parameter is null. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundex for more information.
Example:
SOUNDEX(NAME)
SPACE
SPACE(int)
Returns a string consisting of a number of spaces.
Example:
SPACE(80)
SUBSTRING / SUBSTR
SUBSTRING | SUBSTR (string, startInt[, lengthInt ])
Returns a substring of a string starting at a position. If the start index is negative, then the start index is relative to the end of the string. The length is optional.
Example:
CALL SUBSTRING('[Hello]', 2); CALL SUBSTRING('hour', 3, 2);
TO_CHAR
TO_CHAR(value[, formatString])
Oracle-compatible TO_CHAR function that can format a timestamp, a number, or text.
Example:
CALL TO_CHAR(SYS_TIME, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')
TRANSLATE
TRANSLATE(value, searchString, replacementString)
Oracle-compatible TRANSLATE function that replaces a sequence of characters in a string with another set of characters.
Example:
CALL TRANSLATE('Hello world', 'eo', 'EO')
Numeric Functions
ABS
ABS(numeric)
Returns the absolute value of a specified value. The returned value is of the same data type as the parameter.
Note that TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, and BIGINT data types cannot represent absolute values of their minimum negative values, because they have more negative values than positive. For example, for INT data type allowed values are from -2147483648 to 2147483647. ABS(-2147483648) should be 2147483648, but this value is not allowed for this data type. It leads to an exception. To avoid it cast argument of this function to a higher data type.
Example:
ABS(I)
ACOS
ACOS(numeric)
Calculate the arc cosine. See also Java Math.acos. This method returns a double.
Example:
ACOS(D)
ASIN
ASIN(numeric)
Calculate the arc sine. See also Java Math.asin. This method returns a double.
Example:
ASIN(D)
ATAN
ATAN(numeric)
Calculate the arc tangent. See also Java Math.atan. This method returns a double.
Example:
ATAN(D)
COS
COS(numeric)
Calculate the trigonometric cosine. See also Java Math.cos. This method returns a double.
Example:
COS(ANGLE)
COSH
COSH(numeric)
Calculate the hyperbolic cosine. See also Java Math.cosh. This method returns a double.
Example:
COSH(X)
COT
COT(numeric)
Calculate the trigonometric cotangent (1/TAN(ANGLE)). See also Java Math.* functions. This method returns a double.
Example:
COT(ANGLE)
SIN
SIN(numeric)
Calculate the trigonometric sine. See also Java Math.sin. This method returns a double.
Example:
SIN(ANGLE)
SINH
SINH(numeric)
Calculate the hyperbolic sine. See also Java Math.sinh. This method returns a double.
Example:
SINH(ANGLE)
TAN
TAN(numeric)
Calculate the trigonometric tangent. See also Java Math.tan. This method returns a double.
Example:
TAN(ANGLE)
TANH
TANH(numeric)
Calculate the hyperbolic tangent. See also Java Math.tanh. This method returns a double.
Example:
TANH(X)
MOD
MOD(dividendNumeric, divisorNumeric )
The modulus expression.
Result has the same type as divisor. Result is NULL if either of arguments is NULL. If divisor is 0, an exception is raised. Result has the same sign as dividend or is equal to 0.
Usually arguments should have scale 0, but it isn't required by H2.
Example:
MOD(A, B)
CEIL / CEILING
CEIL | CEILING (numeric)
Returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to the argument. This method returns value of the same type as argument, but with scale set to 0 and adjusted precision, if applicable.
Example:
CEIL(A)
EXP
EXP(numeric)
See also Java Math.exp. This method returns a double.
Example:
EXP(A)
FLOOR
FLOOR(numeric)
Returns the largest integer value that is less than or equal to the argument. This method returns value of the same type as argument, but with scale set to 0 and adjusted precision, if applicable.
Example:
FLOOR(A)
LN
LN(numeric)
Calculates the natural (base e) logarithm as a double value. Argument must be a positive numeric value.
Example:
LN(A)
LOG
LOG(baseNumeric, numeric)
Calculates the logarithm with specified base as a double value. Argument and base must be positive numeric values. Base cannot be equal to 1.
The default base is e (natural logarithm), in the PostgreSQL mode the default base is base 10. In MSSQLServer mode the optional base is specified after the argument.
Single-argument variant of LOG function is deprecated, use LN or LOG10 instead.
Example:
LOG(2, A)
LOG10
LOG10(numeric)
Calculates the base 10 logarithm as a double value. Argument must be a positive numeric value.
Example:
LOG10(A)
RADIANS
RADIANS(numeric)
See also Java Math.toRadians. This method returns a double.
Example:
RADIANS(A)
SQRT
SQRT(numeric)
See also Java Math.sqrt. This method returns a double.
Example:
SQRT(A)
PI
PI()
See also Java Math.PI. This method returns a double.
Example:
PI()
POWER
POWER(numeric, numeric)
See also Java Math.pow. This method returns a double.
Example:
POWER(A, B)
RAND / RANDOM
RAND | RANDOM([ int ])
Calling the function without parameter returns the next a pseudo random number. Calling it with an parameter seeds the session's random number generator. This method returns a double between 0 (including) and 1 (excluding).
Example:
RAND()
ROUND
ROUND(numeric[, digitsInt])
Rounds to a number of fractional digits. This method returns value of the same type as argument, but with adjusted precision and scale, if applicable.
Example:
ROUND(N, 2)
SIGN
SIGN(numeric)
Returns -1 if the value is smaller than 0, 0 if zero or NaN, and otherwise 1.
Example:
SIGN(N)
TRUNC
TRUNC | TRUNCATE(numeric[, digitsInt])
When a numeric argument is specified, truncates it to a number of digits (to the next value closer to 0) and returns value of the same type as argument, but with adjusted precision and scale, if applicable.
Example:
TRUNC(N, 2)
Time and Date Functions
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_DATE [()]
Returns the current date.
These functions return the same value within a transaction (default) or within a command depending on database mode.
Example:
CURRENT_DATE
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIME [()]
Returns the current time with system time zone. The actual maximum available precision depends on operating system and JVM and can be 3 (milliseconds) or higher. Higher precision is not available before Java 9.
Example:
CURRENT_TIME
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP / NOW
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP[()] | NOW()
Returns the current timestamp with system time zone. The actual maximum available precision depends on operating system and JVM and can be 3 (milliseconds) or higher. Higher precision is not available before Java 9.
Example:
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
DATEADD / TIMESTAMPADD
DATEADD| TIMESTAMPADD(dateAndTime, addIntLong, datetimeFieldString)
Adds units to a date-time value. The datetimeFieldString indicates the unit. Use negative values to subtract units. addIntLong may be a long value when manipulating milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds otherwise its range is restricted to int. This method returns a value with the same type as specified value if unit is compatible with this value. If specified field is a HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, MILLISECOND, etc and value is a DATE value DATEADD returns combined TIMESTAMP. Fields DAY, MONTH, YEAR, WEEK, etc are not allowed for TIME values.
Example:
DATEADD(CREATED, 1, 'MONTH')
DATEDIFF
DATEDIFF(aDateAndTime, bDateAndTime, datetimeFieldString)
Returns the number of crossed unit boundaries between two date-time values. This method returns a long. The datetimeField indicates the unit.
Example:
DATEDIFF(T1.CREATED, T2.CREATED, 'MONTH')
DATE_TRUNC
DATE_TRUNC (dateAndTime, datetimeFieldString)
Truncates the specified date-time value to the specified field.
Example:
DATE_TRUNC(CREATED, 'DAY');
DAYNAME
DAYNAME(dateAndTime)
Returns the name of the day (in English).
Example:
DAYNAME(CREATED)
DAY_OF_MONTH
DAY_OF_MONTH(dateAndTime)
Returns the day of the month (1-31).
Example:
DAY_OF_MONTH(CREATED)
DAY_OF_WEEK
DAY_OF_WEEK(dateAndTime)
Returns the day of the week (1-7) (Monday-Sunday), locale-specific.
Example:
DAY_OF_WEEK(CREATED)
DAY_OF_YEAR
DAY_OF_YEAR(dateAndTime)
Returns the day of the year (1-366).
Example:
DAY_OF_YEAR(CREATED)
EXTRACT
EXTRACT ( datetimeField FROM dateAndTime)
Returns a value of the specific time unit from a date/time value. This method returns a numeric value with EPOCH field and an int for all other fields.
Example:
EXTRACT(SECOND FROM CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
FORMATDATETIME
FORMATDATETIME (dateAndTime, formatString)
Formats a date, time or timestamp as a string. The most important format characters are: y year, M month, d day, H hour, m minute, s second. For details of the format, see java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.
This method returns a string.
Example:
CALL FORMATDATETIME(CREATED, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')
HOUR
HOUR(dateAndTime)
Returns the hour (0-23) from a date/time value.
Example:
HOUR(CREATED)
MINUTE
MINUTE(dateAndTime)
Returns the minute (0-59) from a date/time value.
This function is deprecated, use EXTRACT instead of it.
Example:
MINUTE(CREATED)
MONTH
MONTH(dateAndTime)
Returns the month (1-12) from a date/time value.
This function is deprecated, use EXTRACT instead of it.
Example:
MONTH(CREATED)
MONTHNAME
MONTHNAME(dateAndTime)
Returns the name of the month (in English).
Example:
MONTHNAME(CREATED)
PARSEDATETIME / TO_DATE
PARSEDATETIME | TO_DATE(string, formatString)
Parses a string and returns a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value. The most important format characters are: y year, M month, d day, H hour, m minute, s second. For details of the format, see java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.
Example:
CALL PARSEDATETIME('2021-04-08 13:34:45','yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')
QUARTER
QUARTER(dateAndTime)
Returns the quarter (1-4) from a date/time value.
Example:
QUARTER(CREATED)
SECOND
SECOND(dateAndTime)
Returns the second (0-59) from a date/time value.
This function is deprecated, use EXTRACT instead of it.
Example:
SECOND(CREATED)
WEEK
WEEK(dateAndTime)
Returns the week (1-53) from a date/time value.
This function uses the current system locale.
Example:
WEEK(CREATED)
YEAR
YEAR(dateAndTime)
Returns the year from a date/time value.
Example:
YEAR(CREATED)
System Functions
CAST
CAST(value as dataType)
Converts a value to another data type.
Supported data types: STRING | VARCHAR, INT | INTEGER, LONG | BIGINT, BYTE, FLOAT, DOUBLE, DECIMAL(p,s), TIMESTAMP, DATE, TIME
Example:
CONVERT(NAME AS INT)
COALESCE
COALESCE(aValue, bValue [,...])
Returns the first value that is not null.
Example:
COALESCE(A, B, C)
IFNULL
IFNULL(aValue, bValue)
Returns the first value that is not null.
Example:
IFNULL(A, B)
NULLIF
NULLIF(aValue, bValue)
Returns NULL if 'a' is equal to 'b', otherwise 'a'.
Example:
NULLIF(A, B)