Skip to main content
Version: 2.3.4

PostgreSQL

JDBC PostgreSQL Source Connector

Support Those Engines​

Spark
Flink
SeaTunnel Zeta

Using Dependency​

  1. You need to ensure that the jdbc driver jar package has been placed in directory ${SEATUNNEL_HOME}/plugins/.

For SeaTunnel Zeta Engine​

  1. You need to ensure that the jdbc driver jar package has been placed in directory ${SEATUNNEL_HOME}/lib/.

Key Features​

supports query SQL and can achieve projection effect.

Description​

Read external data source data through JDBC.

Supported DataSource Info​

DatasourceSupported VersionsDriverUrlMaven
PostgreSQLDifferent dependency version has different driver class.org.postgresql.Driverjdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testDownload
PostgreSQLIf you want to manipulate the GEOMETRY type in PostgreSQL.org.postgresql.Driverjdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testDownload

Database Dependency​

Please download the support list corresponding to 'Maven' and copy it to the '$SEATNUNNEL_HOME/plugins/jdbc/lib/' working directory
For example PostgreSQL datasource: cp postgresql-xxx.jar $SEATNUNNEL_HOME/plugins/jdbc/lib/
If you want to manipulate the GEOMETRY type in PostgreSQL, add postgresql-xxx.jar and postgis-jdbc-xxx.jar to $SEATNUNNEL_HOME/plugins/jdbc/lib/

Data Type Mapping​

PostgreSQL Data typeSeaTunnel Data type
BOOL
BOOLEAN
_BOOL
ARRAY<BOOLEAN>
BYTEA
BYTES
_BYTEA
ARRAY<TINYINT>
INT2
SMALLSERIAL
INT4
SERIAL
INT
_INT2
_INT4
ARRAY<INT>
INT8
BIGSERIAL
BIGINT
_INT8
ARRAY<BIGINT>
FLOAT4
FLOAT
_FLOAT4
ARRAY<FLOAT>
FLOAT8
DOUBLE
_FLOAT8
ARRAY<DOUBLE>
NUMERIC(Get the designated column's specified column size>0)DECIMAL(Get the designated column's specified column size,Gets the number of digits in the specified column to the right of the decimal point)
NUMERIC(Get the designated column's specified column size<0)DECIMAL(38, 18)
BPCHAR
CHARACTER
VARCHAR
TEXT
GEOMETRY
GEOGRAPHY
JSON
JSONB
UUID
STRING
_BPCHAR
_CHARACTER
_VARCHAR
_TEXT
ARRAY<STRING>
TIMESTAMP
TIMESTAMP
TIME
TIME
DATE
DATE
OTHER DATA TYPESNOT SUPPORTED YET

Options​

NameTypeRequiredDefaultDescription
urlStringYes-The URL of the JDBC connection. Refer to a case: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test
driverStringYes-The jdbc class name used to connect to the remote data source,
if you use PostgreSQL the value is org.postgresql.Driver.
userStringNo-Connection instance user name
passwordStringNo-Connection instance password
queryStringYes-Query statement
connection_check_timeout_secIntNo30The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the connection to complete
partition_columnStringNo-The column name for parallelism's partition, only support numeric type,Only support numeric type primary key, and only can config one column.
partition_lower_boundBigDecimalNo-The partition_column min value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get min value.
partition_upper_boundBigDecimalNo-The partition_column max value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get max value.
partition_numIntNojob parallelismThe number of partition count, only support positive integer. default value is job parallelism
fetch_sizeIntNo0For queries that return a large number of objects,you can configure
the row fetch size used in the query toimprove performance by
reducing the number database hits required to satisfy the selection criteria.
Zero means use jdbc default value.
propertiesMapNo-Additional connection configuration parameters,when properties and URL have the same parameters, the priority is determined by the
specific implementation of the driver. For example, in MySQL, properties take precedence over the URL.
NameTypeRequiredDefaultDescription
urlStringYes-The URL of the JDBC connection. Refer to a case: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306:3306/test
driverStringYes-The jdbc class name used to connect to the remote data source,
if you use MySQL the value is com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver.
userStringNo-Connection instance user name
passwordStringNo-Connection instance password
queryStringYes-Query statement
connection_check_timeout_secIntNo30The time in seconds to wait for the database operation used to validate the connection to complete
partition_columnStringNo-The column name for parallelism's partition, only support numeric type,Only support numeric type primary key, and only can config one column.
partition_lower_boundBigDecimalNo-The partition_column min value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get min value.
partition_upper_boundBigDecimalNo-The partition_column max value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get max value.
partition_numIntNojob parallelismThe number of partition count, only support positive integer. default value is job parallelism
fetch_sizeIntNo0For queries that return a large number of objects,you can configure
the row fetch size used in the query toimprove performance by
reducing the number database hits required to satisfy the selection criteria.
Zero means use jdbc default value.
propertiesMapNo-Additional connection configuration parameters,when properties and URL have the same parameters, the priority is determined by the
specific implementation of the driver. For example, in MySQL, properties take precedence over the URL.
table_pathIntNo0The path to the full path of table, you can use this configuration instead of query.
examples:
mysql: "testdb.table1"
oracle: "test_schema.table1"
sqlserver: "testdb.test_schema.table1"
postgresql: "testdb.test_schema.table1"
table_listArrayNo0The list of tables to be read, you can use this configuration instead of table_path example: [{ table_path = "testdb.table1"}, {table_path = "testdb.table2", query = "select * id, name from testdb.table2"}]
where_conditionStringNo-Common row filter conditions for all tables/queries, must start with where. for example where id > 100
split.sizeIntNo8096The split size (number of rows) of table, captured tables are split into multiple splits when read of table.
split.even-distribution.factor.lower-boundDoubleNo0.05The lower bound of the chunk key distribution factor. This factor is used to determine whether the table data is evenly distributed. If the distribution factor is calculated to be greater than or equal to this lower bound (i.e., (MAX(id) - MIN(id) + 1) / row count), the table chunks would be optimized for even distribution. Otherwise, if the distribution factor is less, the table will be considered as unevenly distributed and the sampling-based sharding strategy will be used if the estimated shard count exceeds the value specified by sample-sharding.threshold. The default value is 0.05.
split.even-distribution.factor.upper-boundDoubleNo100The upper bound of the chunk key distribution factor. This factor is used to determine whether the table data is evenly distributed. If the distribution factor is calculated to be less than or equal to this upper bound (i.e., (MAX(id) - MIN(id) + 1) / row count), the table chunks would be optimized for even distribution. Otherwise, if the distribution factor is greater, the table will be considered as unevenly distributed and the sampling-based sharding strategy will be used if the estimated shard count exceeds the value specified by sample-sharding.threshold. The default value is 100.0.
split.sample-sharding.thresholdIntNo10000This configuration specifies the threshold of estimated shard count to trigger the sample sharding strategy. When the distribution factor is outside the bounds specified by chunk-key.even-distribution.factor.upper-bound and chunk-key.even-distribution.factor.lower-bound, and the estimated shard count (calculated as approximate row count / chunk size) exceeds this threshold, the sample sharding strategy will be used. This can help to handle large datasets more efficiently. The default value is 1000 shards.
split.inverse-sampling.rateIntNo1000The inverse of the sampling rate used in the sample sharding strategy. For example, if this value is set to 1000, it means a 1/1000 sampling rate is applied during the sampling process. This option provides flexibility in controlling the granularity of the sampling, thus affecting the final number of shards. It's especially useful when dealing with very large datasets where a lower sampling rate is preferred. The default value is 1000.
common-optionsNo-Source plugin common parameters, please refer to Source Common Options for details

Parallel Reader​

The JDBC Source connector supports parallel reading of data from tables. SeaTunnel will use certain rules to split the data in the table, which will be handed over to readers for reading. The number of readers is determined by the parallelism option.

Split Key Rules:

  1. If partition_column is not null, It will be used to calculate split. The column must in Supported split data type.
  2. If partition_column is null, seatunnel will read the schema from table and get the Primary Key and Unique Index. If there are more than one column in Primary Key and Unique Index, The first column which in the supported split data type will be used to split data. For example, the table have Primary Key(nn guid, name varchar), because guid id not in supported split data type, so the column name will be used to split data.

Supported split data type:

  • String
  • Number(int, bigint, decimal, ...)
  • Date

split.size​

How many rows in one split, captured tables are split into multiple splits when read of table.

split.even-distribution.factor.lower-bound​

Not recommended for use

The lower bound of the chunk key distribution factor. This factor is used to determine whether the table data is evenly distributed. If the distribution factor is calculated to be greater than or equal to this lower bound (i.e., (MAX(id) - MIN(id) + 1) / row count), the table chunks would be optimized for even distribution. Otherwise, if the distribution factor is less, the table will be considered as unevenly distributed and the sampling-based sharding strategy will be used if the estimated shard count exceeds the value specified by sample-sharding.threshold. The default value is 0.05.

split.even-distribution.factor.upper-bound​

Not recommended for use

The upper bound of the chunk key distribution factor. This factor is used to determine whether the table data is evenly distributed. If the distribution factor is calculated to be less than or equal to this upper bound (i.e., (MAX(id) - MIN(id) + 1) / row count), the table chunks would be optimized for even distribution. Otherwise, if the distribution factor is greater, the table will be considered as unevenly distributed and the sampling-based sharding strategy will be used if the estimated shard count exceeds the value specified by sample-sharding.threshold. The default value is 100.0.

split.sample-sharding.threshold​

This configuration specifies the threshold of estimated shard count to trigger the sample sharding strategy. When the distribution factor is outside the bounds specified by chunk-key.even-distribution.factor.upper-bound and chunk-key.even-distribution.factor.lower-bound, and the estimated shard count (calculated as approximate row count / chunk size) exceeds this threshold, the sample sharding strategy will be used. This can help to handle large datasets more efficiently. The default value is 1000 shards.

split.inverse-sampling.rate​

The inverse of the sampling rate used in the sample sharding strategy. For example, if this value is set to 1000, it means a 1/1000 sampling rate is applied during the sampling process. This option provides flexibility in controlling the granularity of the sampling, thus affecting the final number of shards. It's especially useful when dealing with very large datasets where a lower sampling rate is preferred. The default value is 1000.

partition_column [string]​

The column name for split data.

partition_upper_bound [BigDecimal]​

The partition_column max value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get max value.

partition_lower_bound [BigDecimal]​

The partition_column min value for scan, if not set SeaTunnel will query database get min value.

partition_num [int]​

Not recommended for use, The correct approach is to control the number of split through split.size

How many splits do we need to split into, only support positive integer. default value is job parallelism.

tips​

If the table can not be split(for example, table have no Primary Key or Unique Index, and partition_column is not set), it will run in single concurrency.

Use table_path to replace query for single table reading. If you need to read multiple tables, use table_list.

Task Example​

Simple:​

This example queries type_bin 'table' 16 data in your test "database" in single parallel and queries all of its fields. You can also specify which fields to query for final output to the console.

# Defining the runtime environment
env {
parallelism = 4
job.mode = "BATCH"
}

source{
Jdbc {
url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test"
driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"
user = "root"
password = "test"
query = "select * from source limit 16"
}
}

transform {
# please go to https://seatunnel.apache.org/docs/transform-v2/sql
}

sink {
Console {}
}

parallel by partition_column​

Read your query table in parallel with the shard field you configured and the shard data You can do this if you want to read the whole table

env {
parallelism = 4
job.mode = "BATCH"
}
source{
jdbc{
url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test"
driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"
user = "root"
password = "test"
query = "select * from source"
partition_column= "id"
partition_num = 5
}
}
sink {
Console {}
}

parallel by Primary Key or Unique Index​

Configuring table_path will turn on auto split, you can configure split.* to adjust the split strategy

env {
parallelism = 4
job.mode = "BATCH"
}
source {
Jdbc {
url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test"
driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"
connection_check_timeout_sec = 100
user = "root"
password = "123456"
table_path = "test.public.AllDataType_1"
query = "select * from public.AllDataType_1"
split.size = 10000
}
}

sink {
Console {}
}

Parallel Boundary:​

It is more efficient to specify the data within the upper and lower bounds of the query It is more efficient to read your data source according to the upper and lower boundaries you configured

source{
jdbc{
url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test"
driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"
user = "root"
password = "test"
query = "select * from source"
partition_column= "id"

# The name of the table returned
result_table_name = "jdbc"
partition_lower_bound = 1
partition_upper_bound = 50
partition_num = 5
}
}

Multiple table read:​

Configuring table_list will turn on auto split, you can configure `split.` to adjust the split strategy*

env {
job.mode = "BATCH"
parallelism = 4
}
source {
Jdbc {
url="jdbc:postgresql://datasource01:5432/demo"
user="iDm82k6Q0Tq+wUprWnPsLQ=="
driver="org.postgresql.Driver"
password="iDm82k6Q0Tq+wUprWnPsLQ=="
"table_list"=[
{
"table_path"="demo.public.AllDataType_1"
},
{
"table_path"="demo.public.alldatatype"
}
]
#where_condition= "where id > 100"
split.size = 10000
#split.even-distribution.factor.upper-bound = 100
#split.even-distribution.factor.lower-bound = 0.05
#split.sample-sharding.threshold = 1000
#split.inverse-sampling.rate = 1000
}
}

sink {
Console {}
}